A certain function of a certain state of a certain system, indicated in the equations by the letter “S”.

This is how it was designated by the outstanding German physicist Rudolf Clausius in memory of the French physicist Nicolas Sadi-Carnot, whose work on thermal processes formed the basis of thermodynamics.

Carnot himself lived for only 36 years and died in a psychiatric hospital, although the disease was purely organic, not mental, cholera according to the then post mortem diagnosis.

In the fifth volume of the “Course of Theoretical Physics” “Statistical Physics” by Landau-Lifshitz, in the very first chapter “Basic Principles of Statistics” there are two last paragraphs 7 and 8 devoted to the topic of “Entropy”. For me, a dullard and ignoramus in mathematics, the most interesting was the last, eighth paragraph, called: “The law of increasing entropy.”

Extremely exciting and exciting!

In it, Landau clearly and unambiguously shows all the existing difficulties caused by this concept, which was formulated by Clausius in “The Second Principle, the second law of thermodynamics”, the first is still the same law of conservation of energy, expressed in terms of thermal processes. The second one reads (I quote from the book by Landau-Lifshitz):

“If a closed system is in a nonequilibrium macroscopic state at some point in time, then the most likely consequence at subsequent points in time will be a monotonous increase in the entropy of the system.”

Speaking in a language understandable to non-specialists, if there was some kind of imbalance in a closed system, that is, not interacting with anything “external”, say, in the velocities of molecules, then over time the most likely result would be a statistical alignment of these velocities, or otherwise, if there was some kind of “order” in the system, then eventually the system itself will come to a state of complete disorder!

From this principle, Clausius’ conclusion about the “thermal death of the Universe” followed, saying that sooner or later all particles in the Universe will acquire the same speed, that is, according to Molecular Kinetic Theory, they will come to the same temperature everywhere, then there will be no further changes in the Universe, because it will come to the state of the maximum possible disorder – complete thermal equilibrium.

DEATH!

Further, Landau argues in this paragraph that real processes in nature DO NOT CORRESPOND to this principle and he is looking for all sorts of mental loopholes in order to get out of this contradiction. On the one hand, this is the fundamental law of thermodynamics, repeatedly confirmed empirically! After all, a serious branch of physics cannot be based on ridiculous fantasies, experimentally unconfirmed. On the other hand, many processes in nature are clearly ANTIENTROPIC in nature.

HOW TO COMBINE IT???

Landau is looking for and does not find a clear and honest answer to this question. He jumps with his mind in different directions, looking for a solution to this difficulty, and does not find it! And he’s not alone!

All physics cannot answer this question.

WHY???

Because this is NOT a PHYSICAL issue, but a PSYCHOLOGICAL one!

It is impossible to solve a problem “on a plane” if the answer to it is in ANOTHER CONCEPTUAL DIMENSION!!!

The twenty-six-year-old physics and mathematics teacher Albert Einstein was the first to understand this in 1905! His famous article “On the electrodynamics of moving bodies” begins with words not from physics, but from psychology! This is Einstein’s BRILLIANT GUESS, which even famous physicists cannot understand to this day:

The answer to the physical question was found in the psychology of our thinking!

The situation is similar here, and if we use Einstein’s approach, we will immediately answer a question that is fundamentally IMPOSSIBLE to answer, being on the conceptual plane of physics!

Entropy is a concept of a PURELY HUMAN NATURE: The concept of OUR PERCEPTION of order and disorder, randomness, uncertainty. In dead nature, THERE is NO OBJECTIVELY EXISTING order or disorder, randomness or uncertainty, “it does not care” whether subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, bodies, stars, galaxies are grouped into some ordered structures or scattered chaotically in space and time.

For dead nature, THERE are NO beautiful crystal lattices of cubic, tetra- or hexagonal, or spirally twisted DNA. She DOESN’T think, so there are no “CONCEPTS” in her! Concepts are purely a product of the thinking of living beings, they are pieces of a model of the world that each living being builds for himself in order to better adapt his behavior to this world.

Order and orderliness are OUR IDEAS about nature, invented by us, as well as the concept of probability!

Entropy as a measure of “disorder” is also OUR INVENTED assessment of a certain state of bodies and particles in nature. We see this order in crystals, in planetary systems, in atoms, molecules, star clusters and galaxies. But the deadest nature “does not care” about all this – order or disorder!

Therefore, Clausius’ statement that in a closed system its state always “by itself” tends to maximum entropy, maximum disorder, is RIDICULOUS! The very definition of “closed system” implicitly presupposes the presence of a certain ORDER, because a closed system is already something DEFINITE, ordered. The word “aspires” is also pure anthropomorphism. Dead nature DOES NOT STRIVE for anything!!! Only living beings can “strive” for anything or anywhere!

And what does “left to myself” mean? By implication, the only thing that is implied here is that the system does not exchange energy with the environment or other systems. But this simply cannot happen in the real world. There are no systems and bodies in nature that are completely isolated from everything! The very fact that the system exists in space and time already suggests that some kind of “interaction” with the environment, the world, exists!

Clausius formulated not some universal law of nature, not the “Second Principle or the Second Law of thermodynamics”, but another law of human thinking errors! Which absurdly embodies its inventions and ideas into some objectively existing realities and which simply do not exist in nature! Another stupid human attempt to “grab God by the beard.”

And it is not for nothing that “Entropy” is tightly connected in our “theories” with “Probability”. – both concepts invented by us, and completely arbitrarily presented by us as certain realities of nature!

There is no “entropy” or “probability” in dead nature. There are what WE CALL probabilistic, random processes, the exact development of which we cannot predict for objective or subjective reasons, and therefore WE EVALUATE them according to the degrees of OUR UNDERSTANDING of probability!

Moral: Do not impose our delusional fantasies on nature.

We are the descendants of the two billion–year-old animal kingdom. And our perceptions are just as ancient. But these are just our perceptions, assumptions, models based on our own feelings.

And they are the basis of our instincts and unconditional reflexes. And our thinking is also similar in many ways to the twitching of the shin when hitting with a hammer just below the kneecap. Spinal reflex.

Unfortunately, our thinking is built like that too!

And you just have to REMEMBER THIS!

And remembering, correct it with sober and honest thinking.

Against nature, you can’t trample!

29 VI 2024