P.S. I highly recommend that you turn on the music while reading this note. This will somehow facilitate the VISUALIZATION of changes in the configuration of the electronic orbits described in the text. Electrons flying rapidly in different orbits, their condensation and discharge, and sometimes bursts of quantum radiation. All this is heard – seen in the music!

Part 3 of “Appassionata”

Alas, it’s all physics, although without formulas!

Explanatory additions.

In all my previous rants on this theory, which is, as it were, the core of a more general Molecular Electrical Theory (MET), I talked about shifts in electronic orbits, but then I myself did not understand why and due to what these shifts occur, which is the accumulation of thermal energy by atoms.

And the second question is: Why does the energy (the so-called “zero energy”) of free electrons in metals remain constant over a wide temperature range from almost Absolute zero to 10,000 degrees on the Kelvin Absolute Temperature Scale?

Some additional thoughts came up today:

Some time ago, I introduced the concept of an “ideal atom,” an idea that seems to be successful, as follows from further discussions in this note.

Temperature (thermal energy) does ADD kinetic energy to free electrons, but they continuously “land” on their outer atomic orbits, then fly off them. But the orbit of an electron with e/m (the ratio of the electron’s charge to its mass), which has “zero energy”, differs from the orbit of an electron with a different e/ m due to the increment of velocity, and hence energy, and hence mass!

This leads to conguration shifts of the orbits, their convergence, and hence to an increase in the Potential energy of the mutually repelling electrons in the orbits.
That is, the atom is “warming up”!

The electron that has given up its energy “jumps” out of orbit again and can, like a bee of “bribes”, gain a new portion of kinetic energy in order to immediately donate it to another atom, into whose free outer orbit an energy-rich electron can “sit down”. So it turns out that the energy of free electrons always remains constant in time, while the thermal POTENTIAL energy of atoms increases.

It is probably the features of the “energy interactions” of free electrons and atoms that determine the special heat capacities of different metals.

In dielectrics, the processes are probably similar, but there the electrons are bound into local, spatially limited clouds and they do not have freedom of movement throughout the volume of the dielectric.

To summarize:

We introduce the concept of an “Ideal atom”.

An ideal atom is an atom whose electronic orbits are located at the maximum possible (within the atom) distances from each other.

This is possible only at extremely low temperatures close to Absolute zero.

Any other mutual configuration of orbits is not a state of “ideal mutual separation,” as it were, “the degeneration of an ideal atom into a real one” occurs, that is, the atom acquires some potential energy due to the convergence of mutually repulsive orbits. This is the THERMAL ENERGY of matter. The degree of convergence is the macrotemperature of a substance.

The different configuration features of the orbits of specific atoms of different substances determine their different heat capacities.

The “zero energy” of electrons remains constant due to their rapid return of their “incremented” energy to atoms due to the supply of energy from the outside.. This redistribution of energy occurs so quickly that the time-averaged energy of the electrons maintains its constant value of “zero energy” over a wide temperature range.

Moving along their orbits, electrons create periodic “condensation” of charge in one place of the atom and “discharge” in another for the shortest periods of time. These are the phantom charges pulsating in a clock cycle due to the location of the electronic orbits, that is, at the same temperature, all atoms create an electromagnetic field pulsating with the same frequency (more precisely, averaged over a narrow frequency range) of the entire conglomerate.

This frequency corresponds to the NON-QUANTUM radiation of atoms, which characterizes the temperature of the congomerate to certain limits.

This, in turn, creates a kind of “energy hunger” of atoms, that is, the idea of the “mortality” of atoms. However, there is radiation filling our space, which is “mistakenly” called “Relic radiation” by I.S. Shklovsky, which is continuously emitted and absorbed by the entire multitude of atoms in the universe. Dynamic equilibrium. And this maintains the appearance of eternal stability of atoms.

Faciant meliora potentes. Let whoever can do better.

21 VIII 2023