Again, the forced repetition of the article written two years ago because of the afterword written a few days ago..

Self-heating at the expense of loss of energy!

Induced Radiation and Molecular Kinetic Theory (MKT)

The term “induced radiation” was coined by Einstein and first appeared in a series of his articles on the interaction of light (more generally, electromagnetic radiation quanta) and matter. Moreover, no ideas of quantum amplifiers or generators (lasers, masers, and lasers) were expressed in them.

This was invented later by obsequious and flattering epigones.

The essence, the physical emphasis of all the mentioned Einstein articles was precisely to explain how matter heats up when exposed to radiation.

Einstein considers two types of atomic radiation:

Spontaneous, that is, spontaneous, and

Induced, that is, caused by the external “pumping” of atoms of matter by radiation energy.

At the same time, he examines in detail the question of the purely mechanical transfer of kinetic energy from quanta to matter.

Its explanations are simple and strict: An atom that has absorbed a photon receives a certain impulse (push) from the absorbed photon (as, say, a ballistic pendulum in experiments begins to swing from a bullet that hits it). That is, due to the mechanical momentum of the photon – “mc”, the atom receives some increment of its kinetic energy and begins to move faster.

Another case is when an atom emits a quantum. Then, due to the “recoil reaction”, he also receives a certain increase in his kinetic energy. Thus, according to Einstein, the substance heats up.

And here we come across a paradox.

It is clear that there are no paradoxes in nature, a paradox arises in our heads when one dogma bumps into another, its opposite. How is such a paradox resolved?

By discarding one or both dogmas and coming up with some new explanation for the phenomenon.

So: We have a certain volume of gas consisting of excited atoms, that is, atoms that have previously received a certain amount of energy and therefore their electrons are not in their “normal” orbits, but somewhere higher.

The state when all the electrons of an atom rotate in their “prescribed” orbits is called “basic”.

And the mentioned one is “excited”.

An atom cannot stay in this state for a long time, and therefore it emits an excess of energy in the form of a quantum of radiation. But by radiating it, he, due to the mentioned recoil, receives some additional impulse, an addition to the kinetic energy available to him. So his speed is increasing. It turns out that by LOSING ENERGY TO RADIATION, the substance from such atoms self-heats up, because the atoms begin to move faster due to recoil!

The substance loses energy and heats up at the same time!!!

Sheer absurdity!

Maybe Einstein didn’t think of something and misled us?

No, all his reasoning is correct and impeccable!

But this reasoning turns out to be a physical absurdity!

If the reasoning is correct, it should give some reasonable and experimentally confirmed conclusion.

And here is the absurdity!!!

But if Einstein’s reasoning is correct, and absurdity follows from it, then something else is the cause of the absurdity!

What?

The dogma of the Molecular Kinetic Theory is that heat is the movement of atoms and molecules of matter. Moreover, the higher the speed of this movement, the higher the temperature of the substance and the greater its thermal energy!

The analysis of this case is similar to a non-commissioned officer’s widow who whipped herself. MKT has whipped itself, exposing its next internal contradiction!

So, will atoms be accelerated by recoil when a photon is emitted?

Answer: YES!

Does this mean that they are starting to move faster overall?

Answer: YES!

Does the self-heating of the substance occur as a result of this process?

Answer: NO!

The MKT once again shows its inconsistency.

The Molecular Electrical Theory (MET) proposed several years ago, designed to replace the MKT, explains heat not as the KINETIC energy of the motion of atoms and molecules, but as the POTENTIAL energy of deformation of electronic orbits. For this purpose, the concept of an “ideal atom” and the core of this theory, the Configuration Theory of Electronic Orbits, were introduced. Heating of matter, according to MET, IS THE DEFORMATION OF ELECTRONIC ORBITS, THEIR MUTUAL DISPLACEMENT. CHANGING THEIR CONFIGURATION!

Then everything falls into place, Atoms, emitting photons, quanta of electromagnetic energy, really acquire some additional momentum. But this accelerated movement of them does not increase the total thermal energy of the emitting substance in any way, on the contrary, it cools down by losing energy to radiation!

Which is quite consistent with both the law of conservation of energy and experimental data!

The conclusion, once again: The Molecular Kinetic Theory is incorrect, it contradicts experiments and is internally contradictory!

Faciant meliora potentes.

References:

A.Einstein, vol. 3

Emission and absorption of radiation according to quantum theory. 1916

On the quantum theory of radiation. 1916-1917 .

On the quantum theory of radiation equilibrium. (Together with P.Ehrenfest). 1923

13 V 2024

PS Addition: Strictly speaking, the MKT is NOT incorrect, but only applied to unsuitable objects – complex systems in the form of molecules and atoms. In them, the main reserve of thermal energy is determined NOT by their kinetic energy, but by the potential energy of deformed electron orbits. When photons are emitted, they LOSE a SIGNIFICANT part of the available energy, but gain a small part of it due to a certain increase in speed (as a result of the “recoil force” from the emitted photon) and, accordingly, an increase in their kinetic energy.

Like, for example, an electron in an atom emits a quantum of electromagnetic energy, descending from a higher (distant from the nucleus) orbit to a lower (closer to the nucleus), but at the same time it ACCELERATES, that is, it experiences a certain increase in its kinetic energy. The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the greater (according to Coulomb’s law) the force of electrostatic attraction of the nucleus and, therefore, in internal orbits, electrons rotate at significantly higher speeds than in external ones.

For “naked” nuclei and elementary particles, the MKT may be quite applicable and valid.

If we assume that when photons are emitted, atoms and molecules really experience a serious increase in their kinetic energy, then (according to MKT) the substance will really self-heat up from the loss of energy to radiation, and then the Law of Conservation of Energy should be abolished! In other words, the implicit meaning of Einstein’s articles actually points us to a fundamental contradiction between the MKT and the Law of Conservation of Energy.

Then the Sun, for example, which loses four million tons of radiation every second, must self-heat up from these energy losses, and the more it emits!

Which seems absurd.

One can, of course, allow for another, in my opinion, fantastic loophole opportunity, refuting Einstein’s idea of the mechanism of heating matter by radiation :

Let’s assume that it is the atoms or molecules emitting a quantum that ALWAYS and NECESSARILY emit a quantum in the direction of their motion vector at this moment, and then the recoil SLOWS DOWN the atoms or molecules, rather than adding increments to their speed. Then the radiating substance will actually cool down. Well, the answer belongs to the experimenters. The characteristic line of the spectrum of atoms should be slightly shifted to the blue side (due to the Doppler effect).

If this fantastic opportunity is realized, then there will be no contradiction between the MKT and the Law of Conservation of Energy!

16 VIII 2026