I recently looked through several quite reputable sources on physics concerning the Peltier effect and it says in black and white that, for example, with this effect, even in a cold junction, the so-called Joule heat is still released, that is, when an electric current passes through the junctions hot and cold, both heat is released caused by electrical resistance junction of two conductors. But, they say, in a “cold junction” more heat is absorbed than released!

If you look at any school or university textbook, it is not difficult to find that Joule heat is released in proportion to the SQUARE of the magnitude of the passing current, and in the Peltier effect it is absorbed (in a “cold junction”) in proportion to the FIRST POWER of the MAGNITUDE of the CURRENT!!!

So, let’s assume that in a cold junction, the field of the contact potential difference coincides in the direction with the applied field and current flows through this junction, overcoming an extremely small resistance, incomparable with the resistance of a hot junction! But, whatever the resistance, the Joule heat on it will always be released in proportion to the SECOND power of the current, and heat absorption will occur in proportion only to the FIRST!

The question is, HOW can a cold junction cool down to a temperature of minus thirty degrees Celsius if it RELEASES MUCH MORE HEAT than it absorbs!

Conclusion: The generally accepted explanation of the Peltier effect is fundamentally wrong and its mechanism is completely DIFFERENT! Some time ago, I offered my own, non-conventional explanation of this effect (See notes on the topic) and did not mention joule heat at all.

BECAUSE IT SIMPLY DOES NOT EXIST IN THE COLD JUNCTION!

Faciant meliora potentes.

If I’m wrong, let my seniors correct me.

3 V 2026