How do hurricanes and tornadoes occur?

I’m NOT a geophysicist or a meteorologist! That is, these are just speculations of the “free artist”.

I’ll start with the hurricanes. The mechanism of their formation is somewhat different from tornadoes, although both processes are similar in many ways.

It is quite obvious that for the emergence of such a global phenomenon as a hurricane, one main condition is necessary: Positive Feedback, that is, a certain process, having begun, should not just be self-sustaining, but avalanche-like. A certain potential charge, already laid down by nature, is already available and only some kind of trigger is needed, a trigger that will cause the “collapse” of this avalanche process.

Let’s say that in some place of the ocean, for purely accidental reasons, a certain “spot” of warm water appeared, and warmer than the surrounding one.

This means that the air heated by it above it (and moist besides, and moist air is LIGHTER than dry) will begin to rise, and in its place above the warm water, colder and less humid air from the surrounding layers of the atmosphere will rush in.

There can be two results:

If the spot is “not big enough” and there is relatively little heat reserve in it, it will heat up the air, losing thermal energy, it will QUICKLY use it up and that’s the end of the matter. The process will be terminated.

If the spot is “big enough” and there is a lot of heat in it, this process of heating the incoming air will take LONGER.

And here lies the solution to the Positive Feedback: The air constantly flowing to the massive warm spot, moving close to the surface of the water, will begin to DRIVE away layers of heated water near the surface towards the center of the spot. That is, there will be a process of self-renewal of heat, an increase in thermal energy, and self-enrichment of this spot with ever-new arriving masses of warm water. Which expands the area of air heating and increases the mass of warm and humid air rising up from an increasingly large area. Due to the rotation of the Earth, these streams of both water and air acquire rotational motion, the speed of which increases (according to the law of conservation of angular momentum). There is a self-increasing and accelerating column of rising moist air, and due to the movement (according to Bernoulli’s law), it creates a certain vacuum in this area, which involves additional masses of air and warm water in it! This is how the avalanche-like process of growth and expansion of the zone of heated humid air develops rapidly and with rotation rising upwards. Positive Feedback!

This is the HURRICANE.

The situation with tornadoes is similar, but slightly different. For them to occur, there must also be Positive Feedback, but of a more local nature.

Tornadoes also occur over land (which NEVER happens with a hurricane, according to the above explanation) and they NEVER occur in a clear sky without the presence of heavy clouds over the place of their formation. This means that a heavy cloud, “black” from the water contained in it in the form of condensed steam, is a necessary additional condition for the occurrence of a tornado.

And this is the condition: A huge mass of a cloud of millions of tons of water hanging at a height of kilometers above land or water, which, due to ITS GRAVITY, LIGHTENS the AIR under it and creates a self-sustaining regime with masses of rising air LIGHTENED by it. Plus the air heated by the soil or a spot of warm water near the surface. These two factors in mutual support create a tornado. The rotation of the air, again, is caused by the rotation of the Earth and the movement of rotating air flows from all sides to one place with a SMALL radius, which again causes a significant acceleration of rotation.

This is how a TORNADO arises.

A thought that just came to mind: When a hurricane forms, hundreds of millions and millard tons of water are already rising into the upper atmosphere, which, as in the case of tornadoes, is also a mechanism of self-support and self-reinforcement, due to the “relief” of the air under the clouds.

I remind you again that I am not an expert in climatology and meteorology, and these are just my assumptions, which seem to me quite reasonable and logical.

30 VII 2023